The innovation and collaboration landscape in China - opportunities, risks and future engagement

Completed

April 2025


Contributors

Steve Riddell (ACE - Project lead)

Vivek Aggarwal (ACE - Dataset curation)

Pankaj Arvikar (ACE - Dataset curation)

Jack England (ACE - Report writing & consultation)

Inês Pote (ACE - Report writing & consultation)

Thought Leadership Infographics & Factsheets Figures & Illustrations
Full Report

Nature Research Intelligence (NRI) were commissioned by a high-profile UK funder to produce a scoping study focused on innovation in China, with a view to inform and enhance the UK-China partnership on research and innovation for the benefit of the UK economy. To develop a more robust understanding of China’s current innovation capabilities and potential strategies for future engagement, the study set out to address the following specific objectives:

  • Assess the economic case for engagement with China on innovative collaboration, mapping China’s sectoral strengths in commercialisation and innovation to the UK’s strategic priorities.
  • Analyse China’s academic research and innovation funding landscape, including the mechanisms that support international partnerships and business start-ups in China.
  • Identify opportunities, barriers, and risks to collaborating with China by exploring how countries that are comparable to the UK are engaging on academic research and innovation in and with China.
  • Gather evidence of how UK businesses are forging alliances within China’s innovation ecosystem, highlighting successful engagement models for collaborating with and in China.
  • Provide recommendations for future UK-China collaboration on commercialisation and innovation, focusing on strategies for mutual benefit and risk mitigation.

Note: To protect client exclusivity, all illustrations displayed on this page have been anonymized

This project required a set of harmonised factsheets and visuals designed to illustrate Chinese Market Share of patents in selected areas of expertise and interest. Discussions with colleagues who had authored the full technical report also highlighted five additional requirements the visualisations should achieve, namely:

  • interesting, engaging while simple to understand.
  • helpful readers to quickly digest a breadth of data points and gain insights into the publishing trends.
  • bespoke visuals (that are not available in commercial packages, e.g., Flourish, DataWrapper).
  • using harmonised design and corporate-branded colourimetry used throughout
  • able to be repurposed on other outlets (e.g., emails, slide decks)
infosheet detailing China's overall patent dominance infosheet detailing China's agriculture patent performance infosheet detailing China's creative technologies patent performance infosheet detailing China's healthy living patent performance infosheet detailing China's net zero patent performance

We produced five standalone factsheets that together map the patent landscape in academic research across China: one country-level overview and four focused sheets for Net Zero, Agriculture, Creative Technologies, and Healthy Living. Each factsheet condenses patent activity into a single-page narrative: high-level metrics (patent counts, top competitor countries), a short interpretive summary, some simple visuals (circle packing charts, bar and column charts), explaining notable research clusters. The country overview gives context — overall growth, geographic hotspots, and cross-sector themes — while each subject factsheet zooms into domain-specific patterns, technology subfields and growth areas, and emerging gaps that will likely matter to researchers, tech transfer officers, and policymakers in the future.

Design choices were driven by a single constraint: make the factsheets immediately usable. That meant pared-down language and two dominant visuals on each factsheet (i.e. no dense tables). Colour and layout are used to group information logically rather than to merely decorate, and a small number of key takeaways to summarise our findings.

We intentionally kept each factsheet bite-sized so it fits into an email, a slide, or a decision memo. Readers can use them in different ways: a quick executive scan to spot where investment is clustering, a conversation starter in collaboration meetings, or a checklist for further investigation (e.g., which countries or topic areas to concentrate on). The result is a compact, transparent suite of factsheets that balance rigor with clarity so stakeholders can grasp the Chinese academic patent landscape quickly and act on what they learn.

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 6 Figure 8 Figure 9Figure 10

For the report on Chinese Innovation and Collaboration, a suite of simple yet effective charts and illustrations was created to communicate complex data clearly and accessibly. The focus was on using straightforward visual formats — primarily traditional bar and column charts — to present key comparisons and trends without overwhelming the reader. These charts highlight metrics such as research output, collaboration intensity, and innovation performance, offering quick visual insights into China’s position in the global innovation landscape. In addition to these, a single, cleanly designed map was developed to locate the top 26 institutes based on the Global Innovation Index, ranked by intensity. The map provides a spatial dimension to the data, allowing readers to see geographic patterns and regional strengths at a glance.

The design philosophy behind these visuals was rooted in clarity and simplicity. By limiting the visual forms to familiar chart types, the data remains approachable to a broad audience — from policymakers and academics to industry professionals. Each visual element was created to serve a specific communicative purpose, with no unnecessary embellishments or distractions. Labels, scales, and titles were kept concise and intuitive, ensuring that readers can immediately interpret the figures and understand the story each chart tells. Consistency across the set was also key; uniform layouts and axis formats make it easy to navigate from one graphic to another while maintaining a cohesive visual narrative throughout the report.

Colour played a particularly strategic role in the visual design. A restricted palette of Nature Orange and Blue was chosen to create visual harmony and maintain focus, while also aligning with the overall design aesthetic of the report. This consistent use of colour reinforces the report’s central focus — China’s innovation performance — while allowing the viewer to easily track its relative position across multiple dimensions of data.

Overall, the design approach balanced professionalism with readability, prioritising substance over style. By using simple chart forms, a minimal colour scheme, and careful visual hierarchy, the resulting graphics support the report’s goal: to provide an informative, visually coherent overview of China’s innovation and collaboration strengths in a way that is both engaging and easy to interpret.

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